teacher evaluation models comparison

Which teachers will be part of teacher evaluation (i.e., many districts use multiple systems for teachers in different areas, or for non-tenured vs tenured teachers). After discussing these different teacher evaluation models, which one stands out to you? Along with the growth of schools came multiple layers of administration and bureaucracy and need for standardization. Evaluation is typically based on one or more key questions the evaluator needs to pursue, and the collection and analysis of relevant data to help answer those questions. What decisions will be based on teacher evaluation results? 86, No. About Sheila B. RobinsonSheila B. Robinson, Ed.D of Custom Professional Learning, LLC, is an educational consultant and program evaluator with a passion for professional learning. Lower-performing teachers who stayed in the district improved their performance on average. Should standardized test scores be used to evaluate all teachers? But what about those serious disadvantages? However, it should not be the only factor used in ranking how well your teachers do their work. Baker, E.L., Barton, P.E., Darling-Hammond, L., Haertel, E., Ladd, H.F., Linn, R.L., Ravitch, D., Rothstein, R., Shavelson, R.J., & Shepard, L.A. (2010). More than 90 percent of the districts highest-rated teachers stayed in their jobs. In other words, the more training and knowledge of the Framework, the better the results. Report issued by US Department of Health, Education, and Welfare. The Link Between Teacher Quality and Student Outcomes: A Research Synthesis. A Study of Teacher Effectiveness Evaluation Models in American Schools So, again comes the question: how can you tell whether the teachers in your school are truly effective? Marshall, K. (2005). doi:10.3386/w17699, Rucinski, M. & Diersing, C. (2014). PDF Research in Educational Administration & Leadership Comparison and At its core, any kind of evaluation whether we are evaluating a person, a program, a process, a product, or even a policy is ultimately a judgement, appraisal, or assessment. Looking for a job in EdTech? A.D. Henderson, in Boca Raton, is a public elementary and middle school that strives for excellence. & Chiang, H.S. Equality of educational opportunity. While the tools used by a particular school or district tend to vary in specific wording and scope, many include a common collection of effective teaching characteristics. Marzano vs. Danielson: A Comparison of Instructional Frameworks Couple this with a lack of specific, meaningful and actionable feedback from administrators and it leaves teachers feeling as if evaluation doesnt count for much outside of the summative rating they receive that puts their minds at ease (or perhaps causes undue stress) until the next cycle. This concept shifted teacher evaluation away from an inspection model toward increased teacher observation and the development of objective criteria to measure performance. Minnici, A. Make use of video for observations.A two-year study project called theBest Foot Forward Projectfound that recording teachers in class had serious advantages for teacher observation. Will, M. (2018). However, evaluating teachers and teaching is an imperfect proposition at best, and one weve been struggling with for well over two centuries. Rarely, however, do we make an explicit connection between issues of equity and teacher quality. Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. Validity.Many people both inside and outside of education question whether current systems are valid or whether they work at all to ensure effective teaching. endobj The Mind Shift in Teacher Evaluation: Where We Standand Where We Need to Go. Identify and agree on COMMON LANGUAGE.Consider key questions that should be asked, answered, and understood by all parties involved in teacher evaluation: Educate evaluators on effective FEEDBACK. The teachers value-added estimate is calculated by finding the average of differences between the actual and predicted scores of the students. Between 1900 and 1920, it was proposed that teaching could be measured and made more efficient using successful business productivity methods. None of these systems were perfect out of the gate; system leaders recognized this and worked continuously to enhance system design, implementation, and use.. Comparison of Teacher Evaluation Models New Jersey schools use a multitude of different teacher evaluation models, including major frameworks recognized nationally and regionally and individual models developed by school districts and approved by the state. (2007). Several examples in the state of Tennesseeshow that VAM was ineffectual and unfair both for teachers and for students. Vol. EVALUATION MODELS AND APPROACHES The following models and approaches are frequently mentioned in the evaluation literature. An analysis of six different teacher-evaluation systems shows that when the systems are implemented with fidelity and with certain tactics, they can lead to an improvement in the teacher workforcegood teachers are more likely to stay, and low-performing teachers are likely to either leave the district or improve. What's in Them? So, does that mean the value-added model is completely useless? MET Project Policy and Practice Summary. evaluation models. We evaluate weather conditions to inform clothing choices, we gather data on products to inform purchase decisions, and we assess hunger levels and take stock of refrigerator contents to inform meal planning. Many teacher evaluation systems rely on a large set of indicators detailed descriptions of what effective teaching should look like at different levels of proficiency (e.g., ineffective, developing, effective, highly effective) across various domains such as lesson planning, content knowledge, instructional practices, classroom environment, assessment, professional development, and collaboration. However, times have changed, and so has the system. Teacher evaluation has evolved over time from focusing on the moral values of a teacher in the early 1900s to standards-based evaluation models of today that seek to include measures of student academic progress. Darling-Hammond, L. (2000). PDF | On Jan 1, 2016, Pamela S. Angelle published Four Models of Teacher Leadership: Comparison and Evaluation | Find, read and cite all the research you need on ResearchGate There are several teaching effectiveness evaluation models that have been applied, each one with their own . A $60K Starting Salary for Teachers? PDF Evaluating English Teacher Evaluation - Curee Understand the Purpose of Teacher Evaluation, Educate Both Leaders and Teachers on the Measures and Data Collection Tools, Offer Professional Development Connected to Evaluation Results, https://www.nctq.org/dmsView/StateofStates2015, https://k12education.gatesfoundation.org/resource/gathering-feedback-on-teaching-combining-high-quality-observations-with-student-surveys-and-achievement-gains-3/, https://www.edweek.org/ew/articles/2018/05/16/teacher-evaluation-is-stuck-in-the-past.html, https://visible-learning.org/hattie-ranking-influences-effect-sizes-learning-achievement/, https://www.aft.org/periodical/american-educator/spring-2014/mind-shift-teacher-evaluation, https://www.nysut.org/resources/all-listing/2012/september/nysut-teacher-practice-rubric, https://www.nctq.org/publications/Making-a-Difference, https://www.nassp.org/policy-advocacy-center/nassp-position-statements/teacher-supervision-and-evaluation/, https://www.latimes.com/local/la-me-teacher-ratings-20140425-story.html#axzz2zuHHN3tp, Financial Planning & Budget Management Analytics, Whether classroom environments are uniquely conducive to learning and achievement at high levels, Capacity to create positive relationships with students, Effective use of assessment to drive instructional planning, Ability to differentiate instructional techniques to reach and teach linguistically and culturally diverse students and students with learning and behavioral challenges, Communication of high expectations of achievement for all students, Collaboration with colleagues and communication with families, Participation in high quality professional learning, are knowledgeable about curriculum content and the strategies for teaching it, communicate to their students what is expected of them, and why, make expert use of existing instructional materials in order to devote more time to practices that enrich and clarify the content, are knowledgeable about their students, adapting instruction to their needs and anticipating misconceptions in their existing knowledge, teach students meta-cognitive strategies and give them opportunities to master them, address higher- as well as lower-level cognitive objectives, monitor students understanding by offering regular appropriate feedback, integrate their instruction with that in other subject areas. Does that mean you should just pick one and hope for the best? Having regulations, policies and procedures that guide the teaching activity strengthens the quality of teaching. In addition, the study compares these models to three teacher effectiveness evaluation models being used in public school systems across America. <> Teachers without any growth model data will receive a rating based on Classroom Observation (75%) and Student Learning Objectives (20%). 8, No. PDF Using Student Growth to Evaluate Teachers: A Comparison of Three Methods Use these tips to implement the right balance in your teacher evaluations, and youll be able to help both students and teachers succeed in the classroom. Data is then collected on whether students exceeded those expectations or not. At the same time, the US experienced rapid growth of urban areas, expanded compulsory education, the introduction of child labor laws, unparalleled technological advances, and an ever-changing American cultural landscape. Equity.Evaluation systems are also questioned with regard to equity among teachers of different levels, subjects and special areas. VAM takes the test scores of students from previous years, as well as information about their background, and predicts what their test scores will be in the following year. application/pdf State of the States 2015: Evaluating Teaching, Leading and Learning. Principals may even hear multiple complaints about a teacher from parents, students, and colleagues over the course of a school year, but when they enter the classroom to conduct the observation, they find a well-managed class with a perfectly executed lesson in place. One of the key challenges in any system of teacher evaluation is the need for stakeholders (including teachers and administrators) to agree on what exactly constitutes good or effective teaching. And the commitment to continuous improvement among the districts and states highlighted here stands out. Washington, DC: Economic Policy Institute. In November 2015, Public Act 173 was signed into law, providing important clarity to the ongoing policy discussions about the direction of teacher evaluations in Michigan. One fortunate outcome of this renewed focus on teacher education programs is the attention being paid to the creation of valid and efficient tools to assess that teaching force and teacher preparation. & Woulfin, S.L. L.A. Unified doesnt have to release teachers names with performance ratings. More formal evaluation efforts, such as program or product evaluation, include systematic data collection and analysis through tools such as surveys, interviews, and observations that help determine the quality, value, and importance of the program or product. Indicators may be aligned with state standards for teaching practice. Vol 20, No.3-4. %PDF-1.7 % treatment and comparison groups on the outcome variable measured at baseline. <, A Study of Teacher Effectiveness Evaluation Models in American Schools. Many educators throughout the world (both teachers and administrators) have participated in Thinking Collaboratives, Financial Planning and Budget Management Analytics, View our full Inventory & Help Desk Management Suite. Learning Evaluation Models You Will Find Useful There are dozens of learning evaluation models currently in practice. After all, theyre perennially rife with controversy, pitting administrators and teachers unions against each other amid various local and federal political pressures endemic to public education. If they havent changed their teaching methods but are receiving inconsistent scores, then the model is faulty. However, it was also found that the success of the Framework model was highly subjective to the understanding both teachers and evaluators have of the model. In an interview with some of theteachers at A.D. Henderson,three main benefits were identified: This was a large improvement from the checklists previously used for teacher evaluations, as conversations with school administrators were more focused, giving teachers better feedback to improve with. This study is part of a broader ongoing research project which aims to analyze the state of the art on teacher evaluation in Higher Education, specifically on Information Systems and Technology Teachers', review national and international teacher evaluation frameworks in Higher Education, identify the main principles and assumptions underlying teacher evaluation models in Higher Education . She blogs about education, professional learning, and program evaluation at www.sheilabrobinson.com. These types of modern systems arose in the early and mid-2010s amid significant political pressures and challenges with implementing them at state and local levels. The widget effect and failure to launch.In some places, nearly all teachers are rated effective or satisfactory, if not even higher. Its time to dive into the top teacher evaluation models being used today. This is the primary reason to develop, implement, and continue our efforts to improve teacher evaluation systems. Its Time to Rethink Teacher Supervision and Evaluation. A 2018 report by the National Council on Teacher Quality describes case studies of successful teacher evaluation systems in school districts in six different states and in them found a set of core principles responsible for their success: Their success was also strongly linked with a thoughtful approach to weighting individual evaluation components as well as key personnel and compensation decisions. Prince 9.0 rev 5 (www.princexml.com) Typically, the bulk of teachers tend to be rated as effective. Madeline Will is a reporter for Education Week who covers the teaching profession. Compounding those results: The mentor teacher asked her novice, a 3rd year teacher, about a recent observation by the school principal. By the 1970s teacher evaluation incorporated the now familiar clinical supervision model, a multiphase process that required the supervisor and the teacher to plan, observe, analyze, and discuss the teachers professional practice. Modern-day teacher evaluation systems that emerged from this model continue to vary among the states, but most share a couple of common elements: The use of standardized test scores, though now quite common, is still somewhat controversial. She is an active American Evaluation Association member where she is Lead Curator and content writer for their daily blog on program evaluation, and is Coordinator of the Potent Presentations Initiative. 2018-10-31T14:29:15-07:00 Teachers, as the experts in their craft, have much to contribute to the design and implementation of teacher evaluation systems. But NCTQ notes that each of the six places in the analysis committed to implementing the systems with fidelity, despite leadership turnover. In some cases, teacher evaluation systems have led to improvements in the teacher workforce. The Times argued that the public had a strong interest in teacher ratings, but (in an apparent win for teachers) an appellate court panel found a stronger interest in keeping names confidential, especially given the impact publishing them would have likely had on teacher retention and recruitment. She designs and facilitates professional learning courses on program evaluation, survey design, data visualization, and presentation design. If the score of a teacher can be greatly influenced by the bias of the person running the evaluation, that model is not reliable. Researchers have labored for more than a century over definitions, descriptions, frameworks, and rubrics (many of these current tools are abundant in the marketplace) to differentiate poor from mediocre from exemplary teaching the main purpose of a good evaluation system. The National Council on Teacher Quality, a Washington-based think tank that advocates for measuring teacher effectiveness through objective data like test scores, studied evidence of the outcomes of teacher-evaluation reform in six places: Denver; the Dallas Independent school district; the District of Columbia; Newark, N.J.; New Mexico; and Tennessee. NJ Spotlight (February, 2013) lists the most popular models, Early 19th century teachers were considered effective if they taught the curriculum chosen by community leaders, if they sustained proper discipline with children, and if they maintained the physical premises of the school and classroom. <> Retrieved from: Rice, J. K. (2003). That makes teacher evaluation one of the most important tasks on your to-do list. Teacher characteristics and student achievement gains: A review. State Approved Tools: Teacher Evaluation. 3 0 obj x}[7~Yl7]J;0#Kco}(wZu/_30 u[A=Wo~o]5o^wWo|pW_oUC+]uMj~y"]=z~^nnM7zws7z|~'@zv(0z}v~Sz~6V*>[Oo;e NI8/Y9/Y+/!x6U*?*UDVC+,8:*Zo}MD q`G- vToV`mP98?^|"[. At the end of the evaluation exercise, the assessment team . How and when will teachers get feedback from evaluators? models impacted school leader and teacher effectiveness to increase student achievement and growth more precisely than prior evaluation models. National Council on Teacher Quality. She blogs about education, professional learning, and program evaluation at www.sheilabrobinson.com. These competencies are focused into four different categories: In a similar approach to the Framework model, the Marzano Model focuses not only on the actual instruction given by teachers, but also the atmosphere of the classroom and the behind-the-scenes work involved in teaching. This fact is difficult to refute, even given other influences on public schools such as poverty, class size, family struggles, mental health, violence, and lack of funding. In the above-linked study by the MET, researchers found a few surprising outcomes about teacher evaluations; for example, in some scenarios, teachers' peers gave lower scores on average than administrators. A lack of action taken to address poor performance on teacher evaluation systems. Include more observers.To reduce bias, include more observers. For example: Brian Schum, a civics and history teacher at A.D. Henderson, said his own teaching ability improved after useful feedback with the Marzano model. How did it go? the mentor inquired. State Approved Tools: Teacher Evaluation - Michigan 4 Learning Evaluation Models You Can Use - eLearning Industry What feedback did you get from your principal?, I havent looked to see if he put anything in the [online] system. Teacher evaluation has changed along with beliefs and values concerning the role of teachers, effective teaching, and theories of student learning (Cuban . endobj In June 2016, Public Act 170 was signed into law, specifically stating in Section 1249 (8) that a "teacher" is defined as "an . how policy makers, school leaders and teachers make sense of and respond The DfE model policy mentions 'regular' and 'drop-in' observations . Expert testimony included results from a key study on teacher quality and impact on students using Value-added Models (VAM), a way of statistically isolating and analyzing a teachers contribution to student learning. Journal of Personnel Evaluation in Education. They come with opportunities for principals (and other supervisors) to get high quality, adequate, and ongoing training in how to understand and use the elements of the model (e.g., standards, rubrics, data collection tools). uuid:c68e550e-a9f9-11b2-0a00-a08a1a4ffc7f They were less likely to give scores above 3 (proficient), but they were also less likely to provide scores below 2 (basic). <> This Framework is based on four different Domains. Many educators throughout the world (both teachers and administrators) have participated in Thinking Collaboratives Cognitive Coaching Seminars, or Jennifer Abrams Having Hard Conversations workshops or have read the associated books, for example. National Center for Education Statistics. What feedback did you get from your principal? the mentor probed. School leaders (along with teachers) need to understand the purpose of evaluation as a coherent, comprehensive, and coordinated approach to improving teaching quality and also as a part of a larger interconnected and complex system focused on reaching, teaching, and supporting all students in constant pursuit of continuous improvement. There are proven ways to make teacher observations a more reliable evaluation method. Well-designed rubrics allow for consistent, reliable results. PDF Teacher Evaluation Systems Alignment: The Florida Educator Accomplished Comparison and Evaluation of Four Models of Teacher Leadership - ed Lets discuss three of them. . Do the teachers themselves trust the evaluation model? These three teacher-related influences rank higher than more than 200 other influences studied, including factors educators have typically blamed for poor student performance: They continue to include the multiphase process of classroom observations by principals or other educational administrators, They include measures of student achievement such as standardized test scores or Student Learning Objectives developed by teachers. 2. The widget effect: Our national failure to acknowledge and act on differences in teacher effectiveness 2nd Ed. October 2018. Time.Principals, like teachers, are frequently overwhelmed by the ever-growing demands of their jobs. Partnerships and relationships were prioritized with the expectation that this would naturally increase teachers investment in their work and thus lead to better teaching and positive student outcomes. However, these gains cant be directly tied to the evaluation system without a controlled study. Summative ratings assigned to teachers with growth model data include Individual Growth Model data (20-35%), Student Learning Objectives (10-15%) and Classroom Observation (50-60%). The observers must be taught.Its essential for all involved in the observation process to have the same understanding of how to take in evidence and translate that into a consistent and reliable ranking for the teachers.