what is the radius of the earth in meters

Required fields are marked *. The International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics (IUGG) provides three reference values: the mean radius (R1) of three radii measured at two equator points and a pole; the authalic radius, which is the radius of a sphere with the same surface area (R2); and the volumetric radius, which is the radius of a sphere having the same volume as the ellipsoid (R3). Arc length of more general surface curves, such as meridian arcs and geodesics, can also be derived from Earth's equatorial and polar radii. It is known that the equatorial radius of the earth is R=6371km R = 6371 k m so, convert the unit of radius using the conversion factor. ), In geophysics, the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics (IUGG) defines the Earth's arithmetic mean radius (denoted R1) to be[2], The factor of two accounts for the biaxial symmetry in Earth's spheroid, a specialization of triaxial ellipsoid. This difference is the geoid height, positive above or outside the ellipsoid, negative below or inside. Eratosthenes estimated Earth's circumference at about 46,250 kilometers (28,735 miles). The geoid height variation is under 110m (360ft) on Earth. Skip to main content. Earth, on the other hand, isn't quite a sphere. The following radii are derived from the World Geodetic System 1984 (WGS-84) reference ellipsoid. which differs from the exact result by less than 1m (4105in); the mean of the two axes. The adolescent protagonists of the sequence, Enrique and Rosa, are Arturos son and , The payout that goes with the Nobel Prize is worth $1.2 million, and its often split two or three ways. This implies that for a given mass and velocity, a large centripetal force causes a small radius of curvaturethat is, a tight curve, as in (Figure). The circumference of the Earth can be calculated using the formula, Circumference = 2 R or D, where R is the radius of Earth and D is the diameter. (a) Local topography increases the variance, resulting in a surface of profound complexity. This table summarizes the accepted values of the Earth's radius. The first person to determine the size of Earth was Eratosthenes of Cyrene, who produced a surprisingly good measurement using a simple scheme that combined geometrical calculations with physical observations. You also have the option to opt-out of these cookies. "The Earth's mass is about 5.98 10 24 kg". r Find the volume of Earth in cubic meters. This value is between 6,378 km, particularly around the equator and about 6,357 km at the poles. Video advice: How Eratosthenes discovered the radius of the earth. b : the third and usually largest vein of an insect's wing. x The equatorial circumference is simply the circle perimeter: Ce=2a, in terms of the equatorial radius, a. , For Earth, the volumetric radius equals 6,371. Equatorial radius a (called semi-major axis), and polar radius b (called semi-minor axis); a and eccentricity e; a and flattening f. WGS 84 defines ellipsoid parameters as: Semi-major axis a = 6378137.0 meters. The Bohr model of the atom predicted the radius of the lowest-energy electron orbit. What is the formula of radius of nucleus? A) 4.5 x 10-7 B) 4.5 x 107 C) 45 x 10-6 D) 45 x 106 (C = 2r) With this information, Eratosthenes inferred that the Earths radius was 6366 km. At what distance above the surface of earth, the gravitational force will be reduced by 10%, if the radius of earth is 6370 Km. However, around 1730, Jacques Cassini argued for a prolate spheroid instead, due to different interpretations of the Newtonian mechanics involved. Eratosthenes, the ancient Greek scholar is called the father of geography. , which is defined to be 6,378.1km (3,963.2mi). The WGS84 reference ellipsoid is now just that, a reference ellipsoid (that is, its the ellipsoid used as a reference by GPS and related systems). Drive one of the meter sticks into the ground in your location in a sunny spot. The IUGG denotes the authalic radius as R2. He observed lunar eclipses and noticed that only a round sphere could imply a circular shadow. The radius of a circle is the straight-line distance from the very center of the circle to any point on the circle. The radius of Earth at the equator is 3,963 miles (6,378 kilometers), according to NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland. Now, lets plug in some numbers. Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly. Physics, 22. This equation for acceleration can , Dry ice is the name for carbon dioxide in its solid state. The radius of the Earth is 6371 km. Q. Q4. The nominal radius serves as a unit of length for astronomy. The standard English name of the planet, including in science, is Earth. Since Earth is roughly spherical, calculating its volume is relatively simple. Earth is the third planet from the sun. [22] For both Aristotle and Eratosthenes, uncertainty in the accuracy of their estimates is due to modern uncertainty over which stadion length they meant. What is the permiter of the Earth? a) Calculate the average density of the white dwarf. Video advice: How We Calculated the Radius of Earth. Approximating the figure of Earth by an Earth spheroid, the radius ranges from a maximum of nearly 6,378km (3,963mi) (equatorial radius, denoted a) to a minimum of nearly 6,357km (3,950mi) (polar radius, denoted b). for the nominal polar Jupiter radius. These values correspond to the zero Earth tide convention. [1]:4 where may be the angular frequency, G may be the gravitational constant, and M may be the mass from the planet. For Eratosthenes, the arc was 7.2 degrees. What is the radius of Earth in exponential form? N 903 mi) at the poles and 6371. George Jackson is the founder and lead contributor of Physics Network, a popular blog dedicated to exploring the fascinating world of physics. B Exercises. Definition of radius 1 : a line segment extending from the center of a circle or sphere to the circumference or bounding surface. Regardless of the model, any radius falls between the polar minimum of about 6,357km and the equatorial maximum of about 6,378km (3,950 to 3,963mi). At the equator, = 0 and this arc length = 111.32 km, nearly. R = earthRadius returns the scalar value 6,371,000, the mean radius of the Earth in meters. The magnitude of the gravitational force between earth and an object is given by the formula. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. How far (in meter) does it travel in the first 3 seconds? Added 2022-02-06 15:04:59 subject Physics by rsa072001. 1 Because the Earth isnt perfectly spherical but instead an oblate spheroid, our planet radius is larger in the equator than in the rods. \text {Circumference} = 39,350 \text {\ kilometers} Circumference = 39,350 kilometers. close. {\displaystyle r=[r^{1},r^{2},r^{3}]^{T}=[x,y,z]^{T}} We invite readers to visit us daily, explore topics of interest, and gain new perspectives along the way. In a geocentric ellipsoid, the center of the ellipsoid coincides with some computed center of Earth, and best models the earth as a whole. The Earths circumference is approximately 40,000,000 meters. Step 3 of 5. The orbit of Earth ranges from 1.47 to 1.52 x 10 11 meters from the Sun. Answer (1 of 3): First of all let us consider the shape of the earth to be a sphere. Around 1690, Isaac Newton and Christiaan Huygens argued that Earth was closer to an oblate spheroid than to a sphere. The radius of a parallel of latitude is given by The topographical mean geocentric distance averages elevations everywhere, resulting in a value 230m larger than the IUGG mean radius, the authalic radius, or the volumetric radius. The distance between locations are also part of the total circumference of the Earth. Performance cookies are used to understand and analyze the key performance indexes of the website which helps in delivering a better user experience for the visitors. As such, they are topographical geocentric distances, Rt, which depends not only on latitude. 1 Learn what is circumference of a sphere, how to calculate the circumference of the Earth with the help of solved examples. Although the precise strength of Earth's gravity varies depending on location, the nominal "average" value at the Earth's surface, known as standard gravity is, by definition, 9.80665 m/s 2 (32.1737 ft/s 2 ). An Enormous, Unknown Cambrian Bug Fossil Has Been Discovered within the Eerie Burgess Shale, Ancient Tracks May Be The Oldest Hominin Footprints Ever Found, Scientists Say, By 2500, Earth Will Be Alien To Humans If We Dont Act Now, Scientists Warn, Responsibility disclaimer and privacy policy, Topics Related to Circumference of the Earth. 2 Estimates of the accuracy of Eratosthenes's measurement range from 0.5% to 17%. Solution for the radious of earth is 6378.1 km, which is 2981.1 km greater than the radius of mars. But opting out of some of these cookies may affect your browsing experience. Facts about the earth Since the earth is a sphere, we can measure its diameter and radius. in the second fundamental form for a surface (Equation (123) in[11]): e, f, and g are elements of the shape tensor: n The mathematical expressions above apply over the surface of the ellipsoid. How far is the center of the Earth in KM? NASA Telescope Takes 12-Year Time-Lapse Movie of Entire Sky. arrow_forward. Whether you need help solving quadratic equations, inspiration for the upcoming science fair or the latest update on a major storm, Sciencing is here to help. 1999. Therefore, if the earth is taken to be a two dimensional object, its perimeter would be equal to the. Aristotle (384-322 BC) was among the first to recognize the fact of our planet being a round sphere. Given local and transient influences on surface height, the values defined below are based on a "general purpose" model, refined as globally precisely as possible within 5m (16ft) of reference ellipsoid height, and to within 100m (330ft) of mean sea level (neglecting geoid height). The radius R of a nucleus of mass number A can be estimated by the formula R = (1.3 1015)A 1/3 m. The earth rotates once every 23 hours, 56 minutes and 4.09053 seconds, called the sidereal period, and its circumference is roughly 40,075 kilometers. What is radius of Earth in gravitation Class 9? [27] However, the 1492 enactment of that voyage brought his fleet to the Americas. Go farther. Please enter the latitude in decimal degrees, here you can convert coordinates. Its SIunit is m/s2. What happens to the dry ice at room pressure and temperature? r . for an oblate spheroid, the curvatures are. Reviving Erastosthenes, 2022-year-old experiment using the angle of the sun to measure the radius of the Earth. Earth's polar radius is 3950 miles (Diameter = 7900 miles). 2 The cookie is set by GDPR cookie consent to record the user consent for the cookies in the category "Functional". This measurement also introduces another fun source of error that actually comes from the motion of Earth and other similar planetary bodies in the solar system. What does EARTH RADIUS mean? And we end up with 12.6 meters per second , Firearm muzzle velocities range from approximately 120 m/s (390 ft/s) to 370 m/s (1,200 ft/s) in black powder muskets, to more than 1,200 m/s (3,900 ft/s) in modern rifles with high-velocity cartridges such as the , Summary. Circumference of the Earth in Meters Mass of planet M = 8 x mass of earth = 8 x 6 x 10 24 kg. The first person to determine the size of Earth was Eratosthenes of Cyrene, who produced a surprisingly good measurement using a simple scheme that combined geometrical calculations with physical observations. r = 39350/ 6.28 = 6267 kilometer. , Earth, the third planet from the sun, is one of the most unique celestial bodies in our solar system. = = Earths rotation, internal density variations, and external tidal forces cause its shape to deviate systematically from a perfect sphere. . 6 m0. g = GM/r2, Where M is the mass of the Earth, r the radius of the Earth (or distance between the center of the Earth and you, standing on its surface), and G is the gravitational constant. stands for the radius of the Earth. View a sample solution. Additionally, the radius can be estimated from the curvature of the Earth at a point. While carbon dioxide gas is invisible, the very cold gas , Turbines produce noise and alter visual aesthetics. How many meters is the earth? How do you find the radius in circular motion? \text{Circumference} = 39,350 \text{\ kilometers}. p First week only $6.99! How cold is it on moon? As the parallels run east and west, places having the same latitude will be due east or due west of each other. Use a scientific calculator. => When indoor location is available, the accuracy range can be as small as 5 meters. The various radii derived here use the notation and dimensions noted above for the Earth as derived from the WGS-84 ellipsoid;[6] namely. Also a photographer, she records adventures by camera, combining photos with journals in her blogs. Because of the Earths rapid rotation, it stretches out the planet; this results in the South pole and North pole actually being slight closer than locations opposite on the equator because the shape of the Earth is not a spheroid (not a perfect sphere). 2a : the bone on the thumb side of the human forearm also : a corresponding part of vertebrates above fishes. the center.of the Earth. Earth, as we know now, is an oblate spheroid, as shown in the above figure. A The radius of the earth is the straight distance from the earth's center to a point on its surface. In the third century B.C., Eratosthenes was able to mathematically calculate the earths diameter by comparing differences in the angle of the suns rays at two separate geographic points. , over the surface of the ellipsoid. Thus, the radius of the earth in meters in scientific notation is 6.371106m. What is the earths radius in meters?Earth radiusSI base unit6.3781106 mMetric system6,357 to 6,378 kmEnglish units3,950 to 3,963 miEarth radiusSI base unit6.3781106 mMetric system6,357 to 6,378 kmEnglish units3,950 to 3,963 miWhat is the radius of the earth?According to data taken by 183 high-school classes participating in a World Year of Physics project, "Measure the Earth When it is measured around the equator, it is40,075 km (approximately, 24,901 miles), whereas, if it measured from the north pole to the south pole it is40,008 km (approximately, 24,860 miles). Another global radius is the Earth's rectifying radius, giving a sphere with circumference equal to the perimeter of the ellipse described by any polar cross section of the ellipsoid. to the plane tangent at What is the number in scientific notation? Hence, the Earth deviates from a perfect sphere by only a third of a percent, which supports the spherical model in most contexts and justifies the term "radius of the Earth". It has a diameter of 12,756.3 km (Scientific notation: 1.2756 x 10e4) and a radius of 56,378.15 km (Scientific notation: 5.6378 x 10e4 km.) The total mass of all the asteroids combined is less than that of Earth's Moon. The Earth's polar radius of curvature (either meridional or prime-vertical) is: The principal curvatures are the roots of Equation (125) in:[11]. (b) Repeat part (a) with the sun in place of the earth. Because these measurements are not done with more sensitive equipment, the radius calculation will be only approximate. Drive one of the meter sticks into the ground in your location in a sunny spot. By knowing the Equatorial diameter or the polar diameter of the Earth, the circumference can be found. Sun: radius = 696,000 kilometers, 100 times larger. Compute the radius of the Earth using the formula C (circumference) = 2 x pi x r (radius). N ] => When Wi-Fi is available location accuracy is usually between 20 - 50 meters. These cookies help provide information on metrics the number of visitors, bounce rate, traffic source, etc. Derived quantities: diameter, circumference, arc-length, area, volume, There is no single center to the geoid; it varies according to local. Sun: radius = 696,000 kilometers, > 100 occasions bigger. In the third century B.C., Eratosthenes, a Greek mathematician, became the first person to mathematically calculate the diameter of the earth by comparing differences in the angle of the suns rays at two separate geographic points. Have your partner do the same in her location. less than 6400 km. Its volume is 803.84 cubic meters. Other ways to define and measure the Earth radius involve the radius of curvature. 149597870700 meters nearly This is 10-sd (significant digits) approximation. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. Its measured round the Equator and round the rods that provide different values. J r It does not store any personal data. nasa.gov. The acceleration due to gravity at the surface of Earthis represented by the letter g. Analytical cookies are used to understand how visitors interact with the website. {\displaystyle e} Your email address will not be published. An arc of 1 radian = the radial distance of the the latitude circle, from. Using the following data: the volume of a sphere = (4/3) (pi)R 3 Radius of the earth= 6.3106 m. Mass of earth= 5.9742 10 24 kilograms. earthRadius {\displaystyle {\mathcal {R}}_{\mathrm {pE} }^{\mathrm {N} }} This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. . Thus, the surface of the earth at the equator moves at a speed of 460 meters per secondor roughly 1,000 miles per hour. The first, titled Arturo Xuncax, is set in an Indian village in Guatemala. He studied in Athens at the Lyceum. The planet's rotation causes it to bulge at the equator. [ r Obviously, nobody is claiming how big Earth has really altered. This video will show you how Eratosthenes calculated the circumference and radius of the Earth in 240 BC!! 71% of Earths surface is water. Advertisement cookies are used to provide visitors with relevant ads and marketing campaigns. How do you use the Pythagorean Theorem to find the radius of the earth? Record the measurements. Write it in scientific notation. which differs from the exact result by less than 1m (4105in); the mean of the two axes. and EARTH RADIUS meaning & explanation. The corresponding radius of curvature depends on the location and direction of measurement from that point. {\displaystyle K=\kappa _{1}\,\kappa _{2}={\frac {\det \,B}{\det \,A}}} The Earth can be modeled as a sphere in many ways. The radius of Earth at the equator is 3,963 miles (6,378 kilometers), according to NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland. 3.2.2.2Non-directional 4Global radii 4.1Nominal radius 4.2Arithmetic mean radius 4.3Authalic radius 4.4Volumetric radius 4.5Rectifying radius 5Topographical radii 5.1Topographical extremes 5.2Topographical global mean 6Derived quantities: diameter, circumference, arc-length, area, volume 7Published values 8History 9See also 10Notes 11References It has an average density of 5.5 g/cm3. The Earth is slightly oblate, so its radius in the plane of the equator is a little larger than its radius along the rotational axis. Instant free online tool for Earths equatorial radius to meter conversion or vice versa. A closed-form solution exists for a spheroid:[14]. All Right Reserved. The mathematical expressions above apply over the surface of the ellipsoid. Thus, the radius of the earth in meters in scientific notation is 6.371106m. How did we determine the size of the Earth? R = 6371 km is the mean Earth radius.. An international crew of seven people live and work while traveling at a speed of five miles per second, orbiting Earth about every 90 minutes. Most experts think planet Earth can support about 10 billion people, and that when our population reaches that number, it will start to decline. It is possible to combine the principal radii of curvature above in a non-directional manner. det You can do this, too, by using his method. However, Earth is not quite a sphere. Have Bugged an area Rock to pay attention In on Earthlings? Convert the Earth-Sun distance of 93,000,000 miles into. We know that the acceleration due to gravity is equal to 9.8 m/s2, the Gravitational constant (G) is 6.673 1011 Nm2/kg2, the radius of the Earth is 6.37 106 m, and mass cancels out. These cookies help provide information on metrics the number of visitors, bounce rate, traffic source, etc. example R = earthRadius (lengthUnit) returns the mean radius of the Earth using the length unit specified by lengthUnit. r = m v 2 F c . E In 200 B.C. Keplers Third law can be used to determine the orbital radius of the planet if the mass of the orbiting star is known (R3=T2Mstar/Msun, the radius is in AU and the period is in earth years). The IUGG denotes the volumetric radius as R3. . The Earth's mean radius of curvature at latitude is:[12]:97. Earth's volume, or that of the reference ellipsoid, is V = 4/3a2b. Thus, the surface of the earth at the. The cookie is set by GDPR cookie consent to record the user consent for the cookies in the category "Functional". The structure of the Earths upper mantle can be derived from seismic waves. w The earth is made up of three different layers: the crust, the mantle and the core. When the Moon is the farthest away, it's 252,088 miles away. Point B, which appears due east from A, will be closer to the equator than A. nasa.gov. The information were posted by senior high school classes all over the US, plus some in Canada and Mexico, employed in pairs. 06. [7] Additional discrepancies caused by topographical variation at specific locations can be significant. [29] To settle the matter, the French Geodesic Mission (17351739) measured one degree of latitude at two locations, one near the Arctic Circle and the other near the equator. Venus is included with a thick, quickly spinning atmosphere, developing a scorched world with temperatures hot enough to melt lead along with a surface pressure 90 occasions those of Earth. Hence 1km=10001000m=10m 6. A: . = N The planet bulges at the equator as a result of its rotation. A globally-average value is usually considered to be 6,371 kilometres (3,959mi) with a 0.3% variability (10 km) for the following reasons. [1]:3 The nominal polar Earth radius is defined as On solving the circumference of the earth we get 39,350 kilometres. find the radius of mars. West can be exchanged for east in this discussion. How do you find the radius of the Earth using trigonometry? What is the Radius of the Earth? R We use cookies on our website to give you the most relevant experience by remembering your preferences and repeat visits. Solving for x reveals the circumference to be. The Earths equatorial radius to meter (m) conversion table and conversion steps are also listed. The oblateness constant q is given by, where is the angular frequency, G is the gravitational constant, and M is the mass of the planet. Out of these, the cookies that are categorized as necessary are stored on your browser as they are essential for the working of basic functionalities of the website. Eratosthenes' methods result in a formula that would look like this: 39,350 = 2 x 3.14 x r, or 6,267 kilometers. These cookies ensure basic functionalities and security features of the website, anonymously. Since he knew the distance between the locations, he was able to determine the circumference of the earth, and therefore the diameter and radius as well. N Exponential or Scientific Notation: It is easier to write very large numbers such as 100,000,000 as 10 8 (1 followed by 8 0s). So, for him the following relationship between objects will apply: 7.2 / 360 = 787 / x. mpanderla95. For example, if you stand at a point on the earth and move around the earth in a straight path, and reach the same point again, then the distance covered by you is the circumference of the earth. Yes! The one exception: The flattening in the original definition of WGS84 was a calculated value, based on the Earths second dynamic form factor as determined from satellite orbits ($\bar C_{2,0}$ in WGS84, $J_2$ in GRS80). r Created by Sal Khan and Monterey Institute for Technology and Education. R How do you solve for radius and diameter? 371 106 meters (Earth radius 6. Compute the circumference of the Earth using the distance and angle measurements you have. The physical radius, the distance from the center of the earth to the ellipsoid is the least used. + r The cases below considers Earth's topography, above or below a reference ellipsoid. Wittenberg is a nationally ranked liberal arts institution with a particular strength in the sciences. As an example, we will use Eratosthenes measurements. How do we measure the diameter of the Earth? {\displaystyle {\frac {\partial r}{\partial \varphi }}} Point on the ellipsoid surface can be defined by the parametric curve equation. 752 km (3949. Definitions and Formulas. The core is found about 2,900 kilometers (1,802 miles) below Earth's surface, and has a radius of about 3,485 kilometers (2,165 miles). Rather, elevation above or below sea level is useful. One can only adopt an idealized model. We use cookies on our website to give you the most relevant experience by remembering your preferences and repeat visits. This idea predates satellite-based geodesy by centuries. z Q4. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Other. [6] It is an idealized surface, and the Earth measurements used to calculate it have an uncertainty of 2m in both the equatorial and polar dimensions. Functional cookies help to perform certain functionalities like sharing the content of the website on social media platforms, collect feedbacks, and other third-party features.

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